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Prepared Piano
Overview
The prepared piano is often considered [weasel words] a kind of random technique, especially popularized by John Cage. However, there is a [citation needed] Art misunderstanding. Bunger Richard wrote a book and prepared piano, in which he explains how his prepared pianos and pianos cage are still needed, given the diversion of chain lengths in different types of marks. Bunger also said that preparations are made, in other words, why this adaptation. The timbre of the instrument much change when prepared, but how is prepared. Much of the technique is related to the position of the harmonics of the strings. For example, a preparation the middle of the length of the string made a sound different from 3.1. Cage was aware of this and used this knowledge. In other words, the preparations do not cause a random sound, as is often supposed.
History
Invented the term of John Cage's prepared piano and was, undoubtedly, the composer who made the famous technique. He credits Henry Cowell and to a lesser extent, Erik Satie, for his contribution to the idea, but do not know if the cage was aware of many other previous described below.
Of days later Harpsichord (17th18th century), keyboard instruments can be folders, for example, giving a dry and stops when the instrument was removed (one stop the meaning of a provision similar to the organs, bodies called stops).
Pianoforte
Main article: Pianoforte
When the first pianos were invented in the first 18, the only "color" of the sounds produced by the outcome instrument how different keys are depressed (high = Strong, piano or voice = low, indicating the name of the instrument: piano-forte). A record type, first implemented Once a stop on the keyboard, which has become a standard feature of pianos in the second half of 18, was silent on the ropes or after the release of a key. Only in the late 18, the mechanism of silence was triggered by a foot, after a transitional period when the record was used by the pianist's knees.
Reed Case
But the idea of records as the harpsichord of life in the 19th century pianos links to the cane, who cut a strip of paper on the ropes. This led Tom Beghin musicologists to believe that the technique of placing a strip of paper into the piano strings probably originated before the standard is used as a log-off, and, for example, Mozart's Alla Turca is played in a piece of paper in some channels as a historical interpretation (see http://www.klara.be/html/klara_cds.html or http://streampower.belgacom.be/vrt/klara/beghin_mozart. eg mp3 audio of this game Alla Turca prepared piano in a reconstructed authentic Mozart, as interpreted by Tom Beghin).
Case of Turkey
In the late nineteenth century, Turkish music was so popular that manufacturers piano pianos made a special stop in Turkey, also called the Janissaries or the Parade. The press has played a pedal that caused a bell rings and / or a padded hammer to strike the soundboard in imitation of a drum. Stopping Turkey has been very popular for playing the famous Rondo Alla Turca Mozart, K. 331.
ILM Satie GAUGE
In the piano version of the MDU GAUGE (1913 or 1914) Comments Erik Satie called to place sheets of paper on the piano strings to imitate the sound of a mechanical puppet monkey who appeared in the Thurs
Choros Villa-Lobos no. 8
In 1925, his piece for two pianos and orchestra, Heitor Villa-Lobos added that the instructions of your score the pianist to insert pieces of paper between the strings and hammers to achieve a certain sound.
Luthal
Main article: Luthal
In the 1920s a new invention has been presented on Luthal, which expanded the possibilities of recording a piano up, dulcimer sounds produced in some cases, the use of harmonics rope tow another record, stop, and some other documents that objects that are fallen on the strings, resonance. But this instrument has become obsolete before it became popular, partly because most of the mechanics of the instrument being too sensitive, they need constant adjustment. The only parts in the directory are to provide general Luthal L'Enfant et les Sortilges (19 205) and Gypsy (1924) by Maurice Ravel, actions tend to replace an upright piano, made in paper or right.
Ragamalika
Another precedent for prepared piano was an experience of the French composer Maurice Delage (18791961): the Ragamalika (191 222), based on classical music of India, requested a piece of cardboard to be included in flat on the second line of the bass clef to dampen sound, imitating the sound of a Indian drum.
piano wire
Main article: piano, strings
In the 1920s, the American composer Henry Cowell piano invented the string term to describe the direct manipulation of the piano strings, for example, start with your fingers or stroking a brush.
Later, composers John Cage and
See also: Works for prepared piano by John Cage
John Cage was a composer who has used extensively prepared piano and is credited with the invention of the instrument. Cage prepared piano popularized, including the Sonatas and Interludes seminal and inspired many other composers. Tabula Rasa Arvo Prt popular (1977) is one of the most famous compositions to extend the use of a prepared piano.
Cage for prepared piano when he was first a charge of composing the music for "Bacchanale," a dance Syvilla Fort in 1938. For some before time, Cage was written exclusively for percussion set, but the ballroom where the fort was to be held was not room for a percussion group. The instrument was only one piano. After some consideration, Cage said he realized it was the location or possible in the hands of a pianist than the equivalent of an orchestra of percussion all … With a single musician who can really make an unlimited number of things inside the piano, if you have a keyboard available has exploded. (Cage and Charles, aged 38) Cage often joke that with the preparation a piano that was left in better shape than he found it.
Cage said he was largely inspired by experiences Henry Cowell on piano called the chain, which starts the artist and scratches on the piano strings directly.
When using cage, preparation are usually bolts, nuts and pieces of rubber that occurs between and nested on the chains. Some preparations duller sounds more forceful than usual, while others create bell beeps. In addition, different parts of a preparation a nut on a bolt loose screw vibrate, adding their own unique sound. By placing the preparation of two strings of a note is assigned three channels, you can change the timbre of the note by pressing the mute piano, which moves the hammer to hit only two strings instead of three (the shock is traditionally called "una corda" global). Other prepared piano sounds can remind mbira, marimba, bells, wood blocks, a son Indonesia gamelan or many other sounds more difficult to define.
Although it is possible to prepare an upright piano, which is much easier and more common in a grand piano.
In some pianos, a bar located above the hammers and activated by the central pedal. This bar is available with many felthich cut the piano (Practice Mute) bits or strips of cloth tape with metal ends, metal and hammers will be on the chain. Sometimes called attachmentlthough mandolin mandolin player likely target does not sound like a mandolin. This gives a piano as a tactic, but instantly became a regular piano sound down the middle pedal.
In classical music, American composer Lou Harrison tactical piano called some of his compositions, especially for the clarity of his voice. The composer Conlon Nancarrow's piano adapted in a similar manner, covering the hammers of pianos with metal strips and strips tight leather.
newer composers to use prepared pianos include Sophie Agnel, Nikoladze Koka, Michael Staley, Felipe Rincon, Roberto Carnevale, Kievman Carson, Jason Moran, Marina Leonardi, Stephen Scott and George Aroshidze. Andrea Neumann is an extreme approach to the preparation of piano, pianos gradually dismantled until the chains of wood frame and piano are all that remain.
Australian composers Erik Griswold and Anthony Pateras have further developed the potential of the prepared piano improvisation context and explore the possibilities of microtonal average while Ross Bollet has taken the idea in the innovative use directionxploring ruined pianos, pianos or decreased by weather and time.
American composer Chris Brown has created a kind of prepared piano, electric gazamba shell of a Wurlitzer electric piano. Eric Glick Rieman American composer composes much to prepare Rhodes pianos.
Tack Piano
Main article: Tack piano
The term sometimes prepared piano applied to other types of preparations. The piano is a piano that tactic has been amended by the insertion of pins or small nails at the end of each hammer, so that the instrument to produce a more powerful and bright tone. The tone that results often resembles the sound of a very old and neglected piano. The tactic was used mainly piano piano style tavern, or to make a piano sound like an old piano could be heard in a fair and brothels in the 20 century. Fixed application is generally discouraged by the art and can leave the tack piano hammers and the strings stay or block the mechanism. In normal pianos, it was hammer coatings harden with age (although generally not at least several decades), which gives a metallic characteristic. This can be cured by softening the hammer with a device consisting of several needles, like a honeycomb. When the direction is too far, can simply be replaced.
In popular music
"All Tomorrow's Parties The Velvet Underground & Nico (1967), John Cale has prepared his piano with a string of clips.
The version of the Flying Lizards "Barrett Strong" Money (That's What I Want) ". With a piano prepared with small pieces of pounds of tin and the phone, the song has a minimalist sound single became a huge success in the 1980s. Now often used in advertising. [Citation needed]
In 1979, David Bowie on his album Lodger, Brian Eno used a prepared piano placed in the rhythm of the song "African Night Flight." [Citation needed]
Ernst Horn of Deine Lakaien German group uses a prepared piano during concerts, especially during the song "Man of the mirror." [Citation needed]
In 1994, Tori Amos used a prepared piano "Bells for Her" on his album Under the Pink, which was also played in a piano prepared in the second half of the tour's live album. [Citation needed]
Richard D. James (aka Aphex Twin) used a piano prepared in 2001 Windowlicker album, recorded by programming a Yamaha Disklavier MIDI-controlled. [Citation needed] live versions two pieces of work can be heard on CD Warp 2006 teachers of the twentieth century by Clive Williamson.
Artist Ben Folds recorded many songs with a piano too sticky. In addition, the effects reached the percussion, a bit like a computer in his song "Free Coffee" (from his 2008 album as normal), canning Altoids up of strings of a grand piano. [Citation needed]
Denman Maroney did what he called hyperpiano which "Involves stopping, sliding, bowing, plucking, hitting and scratching the strings with copper bars, aluminum bowls, stoppers rubber, plastic boxes and other household items. "
Chris Butler waitresses used prepared piano in his song "There no guilt. "[citation needed]
Tom Constanten of the Grateful Dead techniques used prepared piano "is all for another, "the first track on the studio album on the other hand, Anthem of the Sun, which was published in 1968. [citation needed]
American jazz pianist Brad Mehldau used prepared piano in his recording of "Paranoid Android" by Radiohead on his album Largo. Parts prepared piano was actually played by guitarist Jon Brion and drummer Jim Keltner. [Citation needed]
Swedish jazz pianist Svensson Esbjrn use of technical preparations piano in the songs "Heart of gold mines" and "Brewery of Beggars" on their 2006 album Tuesday Wonderland. [Citation needed]
Christine McVie, Fleetwood Mac founder pianist uses a prepared piano (metal bar accessory) to "Sara" on the Tusk album. [Citation needed] A piano as it was also used in Tower Tusk.
Terry Adams, NRBQ pianist, released an album titled Love Letter to Andromeda in 2008. The album has six songs performed at the prepared piano. [Citation needed]
Eddie Van Halen uses a prepared piano in the song "Strung Out of Balance Van Halen album. [citation needed]
Piano is a tactic used in the song "Lovers in Japan "by Coldplay on the album Viva la Vida or Death and all his friends, while a distance from his piano resonated strongly tactic can be heard in his song "Life in Technicolor II". [citation needed]
prepared piano is used in the album Rubycon 1975 by the electronics group German Tangerine Dream. [Citation needed]
The Specials Jerry Dammers from the strings of his piano in the introduction and the instrumental sections of "Rat Race" and can be seen done in the music video. [Citation needed]
Noah and the Whale with prepared piano on the song "Our window of his 2009 album "The first days of spring [citation needed]
Composer and lyricist Stephen Sondheim used a prepared piano demos of some of his compositions (including the cut song "Prayer") the music of Pacific Overtures 1976.
See also
piano technique Extended
Notes
Stella Anna Schic ^ (1987). Villa-Lobos, Memories of the White Indian, Actes Sud, P. 82.
^ SLAP, Jann (2000). "Race, Orientalism, and the distinction in After the" Yellow Peril "In Western music and its others:. Difference, representation and appropriation music, ed Hesmondhalgh Georgina and David was born in Berkeley, Los Angeles .. and London: University of California Press, p. 107.
^ Mitchell to Tim Sedition and Alchemy: A Biography of John Cale, 2003, ISBN 0-7206-1132-6
^ "Philadelphia Fringe Festival 2000 – Hyperpiano." http://www.pafringe.com/F2000/reform/hyperpiano.htm. Accessed 23/12/2005.
Read more
Bunger, Richard (1973). The piano is well prepared. Colorado Springs: Press of Colorado College of Music
First, be-Heidtmann, Monika (1979). Das Klavier prparierte of John Cage. Bose Gustav Verlag Regensburg. ISBN 978-3-7649-2183-5.
Cage, John Carlos and Daniel (1981). For the Birds: John Cage in conversation Daniel Charles. Marion Boyers London. ISBN 0-7145-2690-8.
Dianova Tzenka (2008). prepared piano John Cage: The Nuts & Bolts. Victoria Mutasa Books. ISBN 978-0-9809657-0-4.
External Links
"Are you ready online piano-key '17 Prepared by Andreas Busk-Jepsen. The site includes sampling free piano downloadable prepared for Ableton Live, Kontakt and Logic EXS NI Sample
The collector of sound – the piano by John Cage prepared by Tim Horn (PDF version).
If you build it they will come! Kyle Gann test contains the video performance of the preparation by Margaret Leng Tan (here).
Prepared piano performances together – For Tom Gersic. Some other free cheap
Prepared Piano Max / MSP-object – By Dr. Stefan Bilbao, focused on Max / MSP by Thomas Resch
Jingle Bells on a prepared piano – By George Aroshidze
Play
prepared piano demonstration and performance of Richard Bunger
Epitonic.com: John Cage performed by Margaret Leng Tan, On behalf of the Holocaust
EV
kinds of experimental music
Overview
music experimental experimental rock
On contemporary
kinds of classical music
Avant-garde music random Electroacoustic Art Music Tapes to concretely noise music
Experimental sub-genres of popular music
Works masterpieces of avant-garde punk rock before punk-metal music IDM Industrial Mathematics rock n 'sound wave noise pop rock RIO Glitch
extended techniques
Third bridge guitar, circuit bending Turntablism Experimental musical instruments scordatura prepared piano prepared
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