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Audio reviews
History
The first scholarly work on the acoustic feedback was conducted by Dr. C. Paul Boner, PhD., A from 1962. Mr. Boner reasoned that the comments made in passing a specific frequency. As motivated as you could go through the insertion of a narrow notch filter frequency in the signal chain of the horn. Gifford worked with Blanco, founder of Hand Tools white boats to notch filters for feedback frequencies in some rooms. Mr. Boner was responsible for establishing the basic theories of feedback, the room ring modes, modern sound system and room-EQ.
Prevention
Most audio commentary on the results of a familiar pop crunch those who listened to the tapes at home parties and other places where the sound installation is less than usually occurs idealhis when microphones directly identified in the general direction of the speaker output.
Distance
To maintain the maximum loop gain of 1, the amount of energy which is returned to his microphone should be as low as possible. As the sound pressure drops to 1 / r versus distance r in space or at a known distance as the distance of reverberation in enclosed spaces (and the energy density 1 / r), it is important to kept the microphones at a distance too large speaker systems.
Directivity
In addition, speakers and microphones must be directional non-uniform and must stay out of maximum sensitivity of the other, preferably in a direction of the cancellation. PA speakers often directly in the region of mid and treble (And a good performance) through the speaker systems. Sometimes they have a cardioid woofers.
configurations Professional reviews avoid placement of the main speakers at a distance away from the artist or group and then have several speakers called smaller monitors pointing to each band member, but in the opposite direction from where the microphones are pointing. This allows independent control of pressure levels sound for the audience and actors.
If the monitors are oriented at 180 degrees for microphones that are its source, the microphone should have a directivity cardioid. Super or hypercardioid patterns are great if the monitors are at a different angle behind the microphones, which is also the best to cancel echoes elsewhere. Almost all microphones are directional sound.
Frequency Response
Almost always, the answers frequency amplification systems are not well planned. This leads to feedback frequency with the largest loop gain, which can be much higher than the average done with any frequency (resonance). It is therefore useful to apply some EQ to reduce the gain for that frequency.
Comments can be reduced manually "call" a microphone. The engineer can increase the level of a guitar or microphone to it is feedback. The Engineer may reduce the frequency band EQ for the prevention of comments in this area, but allowing the maximum volume. engineers professional sound may "sound" of microphones and pick-ups to the ear, but most use a real time analyzer connected to a microphone to see the result of the calling frequency.
To avoid feedback, automatic anti-feedback can be used. (In the market pass these "destructive comments" name or "suppressor comments.") Some of these works by changing the frequency slightly, driving a "chirp" sound rather than a howl, because of the increasing frequency of feedback. Other devices use strong notch filters to filter out offending frequencies. filter adaptation can be used to adjust the notch filters.
The use deliberate
The first examples of popular music
Although comments are generally not permitted Audio, entered in the history of music as a desired effect in the 1950s, with Albert Collins, Johnny "Guitar" Watson, Guitar Slim, who independently recorded and released all the music in this sense. [Citation needed] According to Richie Unterberger of All Music Guide, the first use of the information a rock album is the song "I Feel Fine" by The Beatles, recorded in 1964. The Who's 1965 hit "Anyway, Anyway, Anywhere "and" My Generation "featuring the manipulation of votes by Pete Townshend, with a long solo old and trembling in front of his guitar amplifier create high-pitched sound in the second. Fried Hockey Boogie Canned Heat (1968 album off with Canned Heat Boogie) also presented guitar feedback produced by Henry for Vestine his solo distorting comments amplified boogie.
The comments have been widely used since 1965 by the monks, Jefferson Airplane, The Velvet Underground and The Grateful Dead, which includes many of their live shows a segment called evaluation, one of several improvisation minutes depending on the comments. Guest has since become a prominent feature of rock music since the electric guitar players like Jeff Beck, Pete Townshend and Jimi Hendrix comments deliberately misled by keeping their guitars around the amplifier. Lou Reed in 1975 created his Metal Machine Music album full of feedback loops played at different speeds.
Examples of modern classical music
Although the closed-loop feedback was an important feature in many early trials, the compositions of electronic music, he was a contemporary American composer Robert Ashley, who first used the feedback sound as sound material in his book The Wolf Man (1964). Steve Reich made extensive use of audio commentary in his work Pendulum Music (1968) by moving a series microphone back and forth in front of their respective amplifiers.
Contemporary uses
Comments Audio has become a signature feature of many underground rock bands in the 1980s. Noise rock Sonic Youth Latin rock tradition fused with a feedback composition / Classical approach (in particular, covering Reich "Pendulum Music") and guitarist / producer Steve Albini band Big Black also worked Comments controlled the composition of their songs. Another alternative rock band famous for the use of feedback is The Smashing Pumpkins, who often uses comments during solos and introductions to his songs. Usually caused by a mixture of massive beds and sound recordings. With the co-optation of punk and indie rock alternative rock in the 1990s, comments again increased the suddenly popular with the use of major acts such as Nirvana and Rage Against the Machine, Tom Morello, the guitarist has a guitar solo in order to create an audio clip of the song "Sleep Now in the Fire" with assistance a vibrato bar and spend leverage. Used this way, you have some control over the frequency and amplitude feedback that the strings the guitar (or other stringed instrument) is a filter in the return path and can be easily and rapidly "tune" the filter, the production scale ranging effects. A more extreme example can be found on the album Absolutego Japanese Boris, with a total of 65 minutes of guitar feedback drone heavy.
Marketing
The measurement principle is used in many devices to hold the guitar. Examples include devices such as handheld the Ebow, pickup-Guitar that increase the support of musical instruments, pilots mounted on a string as the resonator guitar and sound transducers mounted head of a guitar. Designed closed-loop feedback can also be created by an effects unit, as a delay pedal or effect reinjected into a mixer. Comments can be controlled by the potentiometer to determine a level volume.
See also
optical feedback
Circuit bending
Echo cancellation
Comments Audio
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References
^ Http: / / www.rane.com/note122.html Operator Adjustable Equalizers: An Overview
^ All Music Guide review by Richie Unterberger song
^ Shaw, Thomas Edward and Klemke Anita. Black Monk Time: A book about monks. Reno, Carson Street Publishing, 1995.
External Links
means of enhancing sound and approach, U.S. Patent No. 3624298
C. Paul Boner, Phd., A Pioneer in the Study of feedback.
Pandora Charles Paul Boner
Categories: Audio effects Headlines | Related Articles from April 2009 | All articles related to: sound categories TechnologyHidden | may contain original research since May 2008 | All articles that may contain original research | All articles with statements without being able Items without source statements from February 2010 |
famous black bass guitar players